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1955-ci ilin iyununda Amerikan\u0131n \u0130llinoys \u015ftat\u0131nda tarixd\u0259 ilk d\u0259f\u0259 olaraq qanunvericiliy\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n avtomobill\u0259rd\u0259 t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik k\u0259m\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259n m\u0259cburi istifad\u0259 t\u0259tbiq edildi. Bu qanun 1957-ci ild\u0259 \u0130sve\u00e7d\u0259, ondan \u00a0sonra Avropan\u0131n m\u00fcxt\u0259lif \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 q\u00fcvv\u0259y\u0259 mindi. Ke\u00e7mi\u015f SSR\u0130-d\u0259 is\u0259 bu, 1975-ci ild\u0259 ba\u015f verdi.<\/p>\n
T\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik k\u0259m\u0259rind\u0259n istifad\u0259 etm\u0259yi h\u0259l\u0259 XIX \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 \u00a0ingilt\u0259r\u0259li ixtira\u00e7\u0131 Corc Keyli t\u0259klif edib. 1885-ci ild\u0259 is\u0259 amerikal\u0131 ixtira\u00e7\u0131 Edvard Kleqhorn ilk d\u0259f\u0259 olaraq karet fayton\u00e7usu \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulan t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik k\u0259m\u0259rini patentl\u0259\u015fdirib. M\u00fcasir \u00fc\u00e7 n\u00f6qt\u0259d\u0259n b\u0259rkidil\u0259n\u00a0t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik k\u0259m\u0259rinin ixtira\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 is\u0259 Volvo \u015firk\u0259tinin m\u00fch\u0259ndisi Nils Bolindir.<\/p>\n
H\u0259tta 1985-ci ild\u0259 Alman Patent idar\u0259si, t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik k\u0259m\u0259rini b\u0259\u015f\u0259riyy\u0259t\u0259 son 100 il \u0259rzind\u0259 \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck fayda ver\u0259n s\u0259kkiz ixtira s\u0131ras\u0131na daxil edib. Bel\u0259likl\u0259, \u00a0t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik k\u0259m\u0259rinin kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r uzun tarix\u00e7\u0259si var. Ancaq bu m\u00fcdd\u0259t \u0259rzind\u0259 o, bir \u00e7ox mane\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131b.<\/p>\n
B\u00fct\u00fcn t\u00f6vsiy\u0259l\u0259r\u0259, s\u0131naqlara, statistik g\u00f6st\u0259ricil\u0259r\u0259, s\u00fcbutlara baxmayaraq s\u00fcr\u00fccl\u0259r, t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik k\u0259m\u0259rind\u0259n h\u0259v\u0259ssiz istifad\u0259 edirdil\u0259r.Onlar \u00f6zl\u0259rini sanki \u00a0\u0259li-qolu \u201cba\u011fl\u0131\u201d kimi hiss etdikl\u0259rini deyirdil\u0259r.Avtomobil istehsal\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 da t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik k\u0259m\u0259rind\u0259n istifad\u0259ni k\u00f6n\u00fcls\u00fcz qar\u015f\u0131lay\u0131rd\u0131lar. \u00a0Onlar bu ixtiraya avtomobilin qiym\u0259tin\u0259 t\u0259sir ed\u0259n \u0259lav\u0259 «\u0259ziyy\u0259t» v\u0259 x\u0259rc kimi bax\u0131rd\u0131lar.<\/p>\n
T\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik k\u0259m\u0259rinin \u0259leyhdarlar\u0131, 1970-ci ild\u0259 \u0130taliya \u00a0Qran prisi zaman\u0131 \u00f6l\u0259n Formula-1 yar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n m\u0259\u015fhur i\u015ftirak\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 Yohen Rindti \u00e7ox vaxt misal g\u0259tirirl\u0259r. Q\u0259rib\u0259 t\u0259sad\u00fcf\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, Rindt ilk d\u0259f\u0259 olaraq qur\u015faq k\u0259m\u0259rind\u0259n istifad\u0259 etm\u0259y\u0259 raz\u0131la\u015f\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnki \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259r o, iddia edirdi ki, bu, pilota avtomobil idar\u0259 etm\u0259y\u0259 mane olur.<\/p>\n
Lakin he\u00e7 d\u0259 ham\u0131 bu halda \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli \u00a0bir detala diqq\u0259t yetirmir ki, Rindt bu zaman, s\u0259n dem\u0259 \u00e7iyin k\u0259m\u0259rl\u0259rini ba\u011flamay\u0131b. N\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 z\u0259rb\u0259 an\u0131nda onun b\u0259d\u0259ni a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcr\u00fc\u015f\u00fcb v\u0259 qay\u0131\u015f\u0131n toqqas\u0131 pilotun bo\u011faz\u0131n\u0131 k\u0259sib. \u018fg\u0259r m\u00fcasir t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik k\u0259m\u0259rind\u0259n d\u00fczg\u00fcn istifad\u0259 edils\u0259, onun alt\u0131ndan s\u00fcr\u00fc\u015fm\u0259k m\u00fcmk\u00fcn deyil.<\/p>\n
T\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik k\u0259m\u0259rinin \u0259leyhdarlar\u0131 daha bir arqument d\u0259 g\u0259tirir ki, avtomobil yanarsa v\u0259 ya q\u0259fl\u0259t\u0259n s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcy\u0259 soy\u011fun\u00e7ular h\u00fccum ed\u0259rs\u0259, i\u00e7\u0259rid\u0259 s\u00fckan arxas\u0131nda olan \u015f\u0259xs\u00a0 vaxt\u0131nda bay\u0131ra \u00e7\u0131xa bilm\u0259y\u0259c\u0259k. H\u0259qiq\u0259t\u0259n d\u0259 Formula-1 yar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 tarixind\u0259 el\u0259 anlar da olub ki, yar\u0131\u015fma\u00e7\u0131lar avtomobild\u0259n \u00e7\u0131xa bilm\u0259dikl\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn, \u00f6z bolidl\u0259ri il\u0259 birlikd\u0259 yan\u0131blar. Amma bu g\u00fcn \u00a0bolidl\u0259rd\u0259 \u0259yl\u0259\u015f\u0259n m\u00fcasir pilotlar t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik k\u0259m\u0259rini ba\u011flay\u0131r.<\/p>\n
B\u0259s g\u00f6r\u0259s\u0259n bu effektivliyin parlaq s\u00fcbutu deyilmi? \u018fdal\u0259t namin\u0259 qeyd etm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r ki, texnologiya zamanla t\u0259kmill\u0259\u015fib. Ke\u00e7mi\u015fd\u0259 k\u0259m\u0259rl\u0259r h\u0259qiq\u0259t\u0259n d\u0259 indiki kimi rahat olmay\u0131b.<\/p>\n
1972-ci ild\u0259 s\u0259rni\u015finl\u0259rin s\u0259rb\u0259stliyini v\u0259 t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyini \u00a0t\u0259min ed\u0259n \u00a0k\u0259m\u0259rl\u0259rin dart\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n inersiya mexanizmi meydana g\u0259ldi. Art\u0131q k\u0259m\u0259rl\u0259rin asanl\u0131qla a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131b-ba\u011flanmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn q\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 d\u00fcym\u0259 yarad\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n
Buna baxmayaraq, insanlar\u0131 bu effektiv t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik vasit\u0259sind\u0259n istifad\u0259 etm\u0259y\u0259 m\u0259cbur etm\u0259k \u00e7ox \u00e7\u0259tin idi. \u018fks\u0259riyy\u0259t yaln\u0131z t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik k\u0259m\u0259rind\u0259n istifad\u0259 etm\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 c\u0259rim\u0259 t\u0259tbiq olunduqdan sonra k\u0259m\u0259r ba\u011flama\u011fa \u00a0ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n
Yaponiyal\u0131 t\u0259dqiqat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n statistikas\u0131na \u0259sas\u0259n, t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik k\u0259m\u0259rind\u0259n \u00a0istifad\u0259 100 q\u0259za hadis\u0259sind\u0259n 75-d\u0259 \u00a0\u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl z\u0259d\u0259l\u0259rin qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131r. T\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik k\u0259m\u0259ri \u00a0q\u0259fil \u0259yl\u0259cin bas\u0131lmas\u0131 vaxt\u0131 v\u0259 ya q\u0259za zaman\u0131 s\u0259rni\u015finin yerind\u0259 qalmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulub. Eyni zamanda \u00a0s\u0259rni\u015finl\u0259rin avtomobill\u0259rin salon hiss\u0259sin\u0259 \u00e7\u0131rp\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259 ya avtomobild\u0259n k\u0259nara d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259sinin qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ekspertl\u0259rin hesablamalar\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259, qar\u015f\u0131dan al\u0131nan z\u0259rb\u0259 zaman\u0131 s\u00fcr\u0259td\u0259n as\u0131l\u0131 olaraq insanlar, m\u00fcxt\u0259lif h\u00fcnd\u00fcrl\u00fckd\u0259n b\u0259rk s\u0259th \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259 vaxt\u0131 oldu\u011fu kimi eyni x\u0259sar\u0259t al\u0131rlar. Misal \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn, saatda 40 km s\u00fcr\u0259t 6,3 metrd\u0259n, saatda 60 km s\u00fcr\u0259t 14 metr d\u0259n, saatda 80 km s\u00fcr\u0259t 25 metrd\u0259n y\u0131x\u0131laraq al\u0131nan travmala ra\u00a0b\u0259rab\u0259rdir. Bu r\u0259q\u0259ml\u0259rin n\u0259 dem\u0259k oldu\u011fu ayd\u0131n olmayan \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259r\u0259, t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik k\u0259m\u0259rind\u0259n istifad\u0259nin faydas\u0131n\u0131 reklam \u00e7arxlar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6m\u0259yi il\u0259 izah edirl\u0259r. \u00c7\u00fcnki h\u0259min sosial reklamlar\u0131n bir \u00e7oxu, h\u0259qiq\u0259t\u0259n d\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn s\u00f6zl\u0259rd\u0259n daha t\u0259sirlidir.<\/p>\n