Abbas \u0130bn Firnas kimi tan\u0131nan, \u018fbu \u018fl-Qas\u0131m Abbas ibn Firnas ibn Virdas al-Takurini, m\u0259\u015fhur ixtira\u00e7\u0131, m\u00fch\u0259ndis, pilot, h\u0259kim, \u0259r\u0259b \u015fairi v\u0259 \u0259nd\u0259l\u00fcslu musiqi\u00e7i, bir s\u00f6zl\u0259 \u0259sl erudit, 8-ci \u0259srd\u0259 Kordova Xilaf\u0259tind\u0259 (m\u00fcasir \u0130spaniya) ya\u015fay\u0131b.<\/p>\n

O, daha \u00e7ox qu\u015f l\u0259l\u0259kl\u0259ri il\u0259 \u00f6rt\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ip\u0259k par\u00e7a v\u0259 bambuk \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259d\u0259n haz\u0131rlanan u\u00e7u\u015f aparat\u0131nda qayadan tullanmaqla b\u0259\u015f\u0259r tarixind\u0259 insan t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n idar\u0259 olunan, u\u011furlu u\u00e7u\u015f h\u0259yata ke\u00e7ir\u0259n ilk \u015f\u0259xs kimi m\u0259\u015fhurdur.<\/p>\n

Bu u\u00e7u\u015f zaman\u0131 Abbas \u0130bn Firnas havada t\u0259xmin\u0259n 10 d\u0259qiq\u0259 qalma\u011f\u0131 bacarsa da, eni\u015f ed\u0259rk\u0259n q\u0259zaya u\u011fray\u0131b v\u0259 k\u00fcr\u0259yind\u0259n x\u0259sar\u0259t al\u0131b. Lakin h\u0259r zaman \u00f6z s\u0259hvl\u0259rind\u0259n n\u0259tic\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131b v\u0259 apard\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259l\u0259r haqda kitab yaz\u0131b. H\u0259min kitabda is\u0259 u\u00e7u\u015fu sabitl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn aparatda quyru\u011fun olmas\u0131n\u0131n vacibliyini vur\u011fulay\u0131b.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnya, Rayt qarda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 ilk u\u00e7u\u015f aparat\u0131n\u0131n yarad\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 kimi xat\u0131rlaya bil\u0259r, amma ilk d\u0259f\u0259 bu ideyan\u0131 \u00f6z kitab\u0131nda s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259n v\u0259 ba\u015fqalar\u0131n\u0131 da aeronavtikan\u0131n t\u0259dqiqat\u0131na ilhamland\u0131ran \u015f\u0259xs, az tan\u0131nsa da Abbas \u0130bn Firnas olub.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

U\u015faql\u0131q ill\u0259ri v\u0259 g\u0259ncliyi <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Abbas \u0130bn Firnas 810-cu ild\u0259, \u018fnd\u0259l\u00fcsda, Kordova xilaf\u0259tinin bir hiss\u0259si olan \u0130zn-Rand Ondada (m\u00fcasir \u0130spaniyan\u0131n Ronda \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri) anadan olub. O, etnik bax\u0131mdan \u0259sl\u0259n \u015eimali Afrikadan olan b\u0259rb\u0259r idi. Firnas «Afernas» s\u00f6z\u00fcnd\u0259n \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259lib, hans\u0131 ki, bu g\u00fcn M\u0259rake\u015f v\u0259 \u018flc\u0259zaird\u0259 geni\u015f yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir add\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kordova, Ba\u011fdadla yana\u015f\u0131 orta \u0259sr islam sivilizasiyas\u0131n\u0131n \u0259n \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259rind\u0259n biri idi. Kordova x\u0259lif\u0259si II \u018fl-Hakimin kitabxanas\u0131nda t\u0259xmin\u0259n 400 min kitab vard\u0131. G\u0259nc Abbas tibb elmini v\u0259 astrologiyan\u0131 \u00f6yr\u0259nirdi, amma daha \u00e7ox \u015f\u0259xsi ixtiralar\u0131 il\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful idi. O, h\u0259m\u00e7inin \u018fnd\u0259l\u00fcs klassik musiqisi v\u0259 \u0259r\u0259b poeziyas\u0131 il\u0259 d\u0259 maraqlan\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n

U\u015faql\u0131qda Firnas, h\u0259r \u015feyl\u0259 \u00e7ox maraqlanard\u0131 v\u0259 diqq\u0259tini c\u0259lb ed\u0259n \u0259\u015fyalar\u0131 s\u00f6k\u0259r\u0259k, yenid\u0259n y\u0131\u011fma\u011f\u0131 sev\u0259rdi. O, \u0259traf\u0131nda ba\u015f ver\u0259n \u00a0ist\u0259nil\u0259n hadis\u0259ni b\u00f6y\u00fck maraqla m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 edirdi.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Karyeras\u0131 <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Abbas \u0130bn Firnas m\u00fcasir C\u0259b\u0259li-Tariq (B\u00f6y\u00fck Britaniya), M\u0259rake\u015f, Portuqaliya v\u0259 \u0130spaniyan\u0131n bir hiss\u0259sini \u0259hat\u0259 ed\u0259n Kordova Xilaf\u0259tind\u0259 ya\u015fay\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n

B\u00f6y\u00fck \u015f\u00f6hr\u0259ti qazanan alim, Kordova x\u0259lif\u0259l\u0259ri II Abdurrahman v\u0259 I M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259din sevimlisi idi.<\/p>\n

875-ci ild\u0259, Abbas, \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 qartal l\u0259l\u0259kl\u0259ri tikilmi\u015f ip\u0259k par\u00e7ayla \u00f6rt\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f bambuk \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259d\u0259n olan u\u00e7u\u015f aparat\u0131n\u0131 haz\u0131rlay\u0131b. Aparata b\u0259rkidil\u0259n x\u00fcsusi asq\u0131 vasit\u0259si il\u0259 o, as\u0131l\u0131 v\u0259ziyy\u0259td\u0259 qalmaqla, qanadlar\u0131n h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tin\u0259 n\u0259zar\u0259t ed\u0259 bilib.<\/p>\n

Alim\u0259 haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 aparat\u0131n \u00f6yr\u0259nilm\u0259sini tamamlamaq v\u0259 etibarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na tam \u0259min olmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u00e7ox vaxt laz\u0131m olub. N\u0259hay\u0259t o, \u00f6z ixtiras\u0131n\u0131 n\u00fcmayi\u015f etdirm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn 70 ya\u015f\u0131nda C\u0259b\u0259l \u018fl-\u018frus qayal\u0131qlar\u0131ndan tullanma\u011fa q\u0259rar verib.<\/p>\n

Abbas \u0130bn Firnas bu \u0259lam\u0259tdar hadis\u0259y\u0259 \u015fahid olmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn insanlar\u0131 d\u0259v\u0259t ed\u0259r\u0259k, ixtiras\u0131 m\u00fcv\u0259ff\u0259qiyy\u0259tl\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259n\u0259rs\u0259, sa\u011f qalaca\u011f\u0131 t\u0259qdird\u0259, onlara u\u00e7u\u015f haqq\u0131nda dan\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259d edib. \u015eahidl\u0259rin s\u00f6zl\u0259rin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, o, qanadlar\u0131n\u0131 yuxar\u0131 v\u0259 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yell\u0259m\u0259kl\u0259, dem\u0259k olar ki, 10 d\u0259qiq\u0259 \u0259rzind\u0259 havada qala bilib. \u00a0T\u0259\u0259ss\u00fcf ki, aparat\u0131n eni\u015f mexanizmi tam i\u015fl\u0259nilm\u0259diyind\u0259n, Firnas z\u0259rbl\u0259 yer\u0259 d\u0259y\u0259r\u0259k, k\u00fcr\u0259yind\u0259n ciddi z\u0259d\u0259 al\u0131b.<\/p>\n

O, bu u\u00e7u\u015fdan sonra 12 il ya\u015fay\u0131b v\u0259 avionika \u00fczr\u0259 ara\u015fd\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131 davam edib. Bir daha u\u00e7ma\u011fa t\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcs g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259s\u0259 d\u0259, \u00f6z eni\u015finin \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259dqiq edib v\u0259 bel\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259y\u0259 g\u0259lib ki, qanadlardan ba\u015fqa s\u00fckan\u0131 idar\u0259 etm\u0259k v\u0259 u\u00e7u\u015fa n\u0259zar\u0259t etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn aparat\u0131n quyru\u011funun olmas\u0131 da g\u0259r\u0259kdir.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>\u018fsas i\u015fl\u0259ri<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

U\u00e7maq c\u0259hdind\u0259n ba\u015fqa, \u0259nd\u0259l\u00fcslu alim astronomiyan\u0131 da ara\u015fd\u0131r\u0131b v\u0259 mexanikil\u0259\u015fdirilmi\u015f planetari haz\u0131rlay\u0131b. Hans\u0131nda ki, kainatda oldu\u011fu kimi bir-birin\u0259 nisb\u0259t\u0259n yerini d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259kl\u0259 f\u0131rlanan planetl\u0259r y\u0259ni G\u00fcn\u0259\u015f sisteminin modeli, s\u0259mada \u00fcz\u0259n buludlar, \u00e7axan \u015fim\u015f\u0259k, guruldayan ild\u0131r\u0131m da t\u0259qdim olunub.<\/p>\n

Bundan ba\u015fqa o, m\u0259\u015fhur \u018fnd\u0259l\u00fcs st\u0259kanlar\u0131n\u0131n istehsal\u0131nda istifad\u0259 olunan y\u00fcks\u0259k keyfiyy\u0259tli \u015f\u0259ffaf \u015f\u00fc\u015f\u0259ni haz\u0131rlamaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn b\u00fcllur, kvars v\u0259 qumla t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259 apar\u0131b. Abbas \u0130bn Firnas, h\u0259m\u00e7inin \u015f\u00fc\u015f\u0259nin b\u00f6y\u00fcd\u00fcc\u00fc x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259rini t\u0259dqiq etm\u0259kl\u0259, g\u00f6rm\u0259 qabiliyy\u0259tini korreksiya ed\u0259n linzalar da d\u00fcz\u0259ldib.<\/p>\n

Eyni zamanda o da m\u0259lumdur ki, alim, vaxt\u0131n izl\u0259nilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u018fl-Maqata adl\u0131 su saat\u0131n\u0131 da haz\u0131rlay\u0131b. Onun dig\u0259r xidm\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259n biri d\u0259 da\u011f b\u00fcllurunun emal\u0131 \u00fcsulunu tapmas\u0131d\u0131r. Hans\u0131 ki, o zaman yaln\u0131z Misird\u0259 m\u0259lum idi. Musiqi\u00e7il\u0259r\u0259 \u00e7ox laz\u0131m olan metronomun ixtira\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 da Firnasd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Abbas \u0130bn Firnas b\u00fct\u00fcn h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131 elm\u0259 h\u0259sr edib. Riyaziyyata, fizikaya, astronomiyaya v\u0259 texnikaya aid \u00e7oxlu kitab yaz\u0131b, hans\u0131lar ki, \u018fndalus Universitetind\u0259 t\u0259dris olunub. Onun ilk u\u00e7u\u015fundan v\u0259 g\u0259ldiyi n\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259n b\u0259hs ed\u0259n kitab, Leonardo Da Vin\u00e7i d\u0259 daxil olmaqla u\u00e7ma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir \u00e7oxlar\u0131n\u0131n ilham m\u0259nb\u0259yi \u00e7evrilib.<\/p>\n

Bununla bel\u0259, onun \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck i\u015fi u\u00e7maq c\u0259hdi v\u0259 ba\u015fqalar\u0131n\u0131 ilhamland\u0131rmaqda davam ed\u0259n avionika il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 kitab olub.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

Nailiyy\u0259tl\u0259ri<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Firnas insan t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n idar\u0259 olunan u\u00e7u\u015fu Rayt qarda\u015flar\u0131ndan bir ne\u00e7\u0259 y\u00fczil \u0259vv\u0259l h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irib. U\u00e7u\u015fun sabitl\u0259\u015fm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn qanadlar v\u0259 quyruq aras\u0131ndak\u0131 ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131q ilk d\u0259f\u0259 Abbas \u0130bn Firnas t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n haz\u0131rlan\u0131b v\u0259 1903-c\u00fc ild\u0259 Rayt qarda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n u\u00e7u\u015f aparat\u0131n\u0131n u\u011furuna t\u0259kan verib.<\/p>\n

1979-cu ild\u0259 Planet sisteml\u0259ri nomenklaturas\u0131 \u00fczr\u0259 i\u015f\u00e7i qrupu, alimin \u015f\u0259r\u0259fin\u0259 Ayda kraterl\u0259rd\u0259n birini «\u0130bn Firnas» adland\u0131r\u0131b.<\/p>\n

Ba\u011fdad hava liman\u0131 v\u0259 Kordovada Qvadalkivir \u00e7ay\u0131 \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259ki k\u00f6rp\u00fc d\u0259 alimin ad\u0131n\u0131 da\u015f\u0131y\u0131r. Liviyada onun \u015f\u0259r\u0259fin\u0259 po\u00e7t markas\u0131 burax\u0131l\u0131b.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

\u015e\u0259xsi h\u0259yat\u0131 v\u0259 irsi<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Abbas \u0130bn Firnas iraql\u0131 musiqi\u00e7i Ziryab\u0131n b\u00f6y\u00fck p\u0259r\u0259sti\u015fkar idi. H\u0259tta onun r\u0259hb\u0259rlik etdiyi m\u0259\u015fhur Kordova musiqi m\u0259kt\u0259bind\u0259 ilk m\u00fc\u0259lliml\u0259rd\u0259n biri olub. Asud\u0259 vaxtlar\u0131nda alim, klassik \u018fnd\u0259l\u00fcs musiqisini \u00f6yr\u0259nib v\u0259 \u0259r\u0259b poeziyas\u0131n\u0131 oxuyub. Firnas uzun \u00f6m\u00fcr s\u00fcr\u00fcb v\u0259 887-ci ild\u0259 d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 d\u0259yi\u015fib.<\/p>\n

B\u0259zi insanlar s\u00f6yl\u0259yir ki, ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 travmadan sonra onun h\u0259yat\u0131 yava\u015f\u0131sa da, a\u011fl\u0131 iti idi v\u0259 \u00f6z diqq\u0259tini elmi t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259sinin fiziki eksperimentl\u0259rind\u0259n, ka\u011f\u0131z \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 yaz\u0131ya \u00e7evirm\u0259y\u0259 y\u00f6nl\u0259ndirib.<\/p>\n

Alimin ail\u0259 h\u0259yat\u0131 haqq\u0131nda \u00e7ox az m\u0259lumat var. \u00c7\u00fcnki onun t\u0259rc\u00fcmeyi-hal\u0131 o zaman q\u0259l\u0259m\u0259 al\u0131nmay\u0131b.<\/p>\n

AvtoReyd.Az<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\u00a9 Materiallardan istifad\u0259 ed\u0259rk\u0259n hiperlinkl\u0259 istinad olunmal\u0131d\u0131rv<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Abbas \u0130bn Firnas kimi tan\u0131nan, \u018fbu \u018fl-Qas\u0131m Abbas ibn Firnas ibn Virdas al-Takurini, m\u0259\u015fhur ixtira\u00e7\u0131, m\u00fch\u0259ndis, pilot, h\u0259kim, \u0259r\u0259b \u015fairi v\u0259 \u0259nd\u0259l\u00fcslu musiqi\u00e7i, bir s\u00f6zl\u0259 \u0259sl erudit, 8-ci \u0259srd\u0259 Kordova Xilaf\u0259tind\u0259 (m\u00fcasir \u0130spaniya) ya\u015fay\u0131b. O, daha \u00e7ox qu\u015f l\u0259l\u0259kl\u0259ri il\u0259 \u00f6rt\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ip\u0259k par\u00e7a v\u0259 bambuk \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259d\u0259n haz\u0131rlanan u\u00e7u\u015f aparat\u0131nda qayadan tullanmaqla b\u0259\u015f\u0259r tarixind\u0259 insan t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":36283,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1221],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36280","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-maraqli"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/avtoreyd.az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36280","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/avtoreyd.az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/avtoreyd.az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/avtoreyd.az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/avtoreyd.az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=36280"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/avtoreyd.az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36280\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/avtoreyd.az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/36283"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/avtoreyd.az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=36280"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/avtoreyd.az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=36280"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/avtoreyd.az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=36280"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}