Bizansl\u0131lar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n kils\u0259 kimi in\u015fa edil\u0259n Aya Sofya m\u0259b\u0259di, Konstantinopolun (\u0130stanbul) Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259ti t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n f\u0259thind\u0259n sonra m\u0259scid\u0259 \u00e7evrilib. T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259ti elan olunduqdan sonra is\u0259 muzey kimi f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rib. Tarixi abid\u0259nin statusu respublika d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 h\u0259r zaman m\u00fcbahis\u0259li olub v\u0259 siyas\u0259t\u00e7il\u0259r bu v\u0259ziyy\u0259ti d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u00fcxt\u0259lif t\u0259\u015f\u0259bb\u00fcsl\u0259r ir\u0259li s\u00fcr\u00fcb. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/a>1922-ci ild\u0259 mart\u0131n 30-da t\u00fcrk \u015fairi Y\u0259hya Kamal bel\u0259 deyib: «M\u0259n bir h\u0259qiq\u0259ti ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015fd\u00fcm: Bu d\u00f6vl\u0259tin iki m\u0259n\u0259vi \u0259sas\u0131 var: Azan (m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn namaza \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131\u015f) hans\u0131n\u0131 ki, Aya Sofyan\u0131n minar\u0259sind\u0259n s\u0259sl\u0259nm\u0259si \u0259mrini Sultan Mehmed Fateh verib v\u0259 h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 oxunur. Quran, hans\u0131n\u0131 ki, Sultan I S\u0259lim Topqap\u0131 saray\u0131ndak\u0131 H\u0131rka-i S\u0259ad\u0259t Dair\u0259sind\u0259 oxuma\u011f\u0131 \u0259mr verib v\u0259 h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 oxunur».<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0130stanbulun r\u0259mzl\u0259rind\u0259n biri olan Aya Sofya, 360-ci ild\u0259 Roma \u0130mperatoru Konstantin t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n taxtadan tikilib. Lakin 404-ci ild\u0259 ba\u015f vermi\u015f \u00fcsyan zaman\u0131 qism\u0259n yand\u0131r\u0131l\u0131b. Sonralar 415-ci ild\u0259 bina imperator Feodosi t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n b\u0259rpa olunub. 532-ci ild\u0259 \u201cNika\u201d \u00fcsyan\u0131 zaman\u0131 yenid\u0259n yand\u0131r\u0131lan bina, imperator I Yustinian t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n t\u0259krar olaraq, amma bu d\u0259f\u0259 da\u015fdan ucald\u0131l\u0131b. Be\u015f il s\u00fcr\u0259n tikinti i\u015fl\u0259rind\u0259n sonra, 537-ci ild\u0259 haz\u0131rda g\u00f6rd\u00fcy\u00fcm\u00fcz bina, 3-c\u00fc Aya Sofya bir daha ibad\u0259t \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn qap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 insanlar\u0131n \u00fcz\u00fcn\u0259 a\u00e7\u0131b. T\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259d\u0259 «Aya Sofya» \u0130sa Pey\u011f\u0259mb\u0259rin x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259n biri olan «M\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259s M\u00fcdriklik» dem\u0259kdir.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Deyil\u0259n\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259, I Yustinian insanlara yuxusunda onun yan\u0131na g\u0259l\u0259n v\u0259 g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f bo\u015fqabda Aya Sofyan\u0131n \u015f\u0259klini imperatora g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n m\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259s haqq\u0131nda dan\u0131\u015f\u0131b. Memar da imperatora eyni yuxunu g\u00f6rd\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fc dey\u0259nd\u0259, bu ilahi \u0259lam\u0259t \u00fczr\u0259 d\u0259rhal kils\u0259nin in\u015fas\u0131na ba\u015flan\u0131l\u0131b. Lakin, Aya Sofya ad\u0131 yaln\u0131z \u0130stanbulda ucald\u0131lan m\u00f6ht\u0259\u015f\u0259m binaya verilm\u0259yib.\u00a0<\/span>Bizans imperiyas\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n idar\u0259 olunan bir \u00e7ox \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259 bu adda bir ne\u00e7\u0259 ibad\u0259t evi olub. Ancaq onlardan he\u00e7 biri \u0130stanbuldak\u0131 Aya Sofya q\u0259d\u0259r m\u0259\u015fhur deyil. Bizans imperiyas\u0131 d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259, b\u00fct\u00fcn m\u0259rasiml\u0259r v\u0259 dini g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fl\u0259r Aya Sofyada ke\u00e7irilib. Onun g\u00fcnb\u0259zi tarix boyu bir ne\u00e7\u0259 d\u0259f\u0259 u\u00e7ub v\u0259 sonralar yenid\u0259n y\u00fcng\u00fcl materialdan qurulub. <\/span><\/a>M\u0259b\u0259d d\u00fcnyada \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck g\u00fcnb\u0259z\u0259 malik olmas\u0131 say\u0259sind\u0259 m\u0259\u015fhurla\u015f\u0131b. G\u00fccl\u00fc i\u015f\u0131qland\u0131rma v\u0259 akustikas\u0131 olan bu m\u00f6ht\u0259\u015f\u0259m ibad\u0259t evini g\u00f6r\u0259nl\u0259r \u00f6z t\u0259\u0259cc\u00fcb\u00fcn\u00fc gizl\u0259d\u0259 bilm\u0259yib. XI \u0259srd\u0259 Ayasofiyan\u0131 ziyar\u0259t ed\u0259n rusiyal\u0131 n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259 hey\u0259ti s\u00f6yl\u0259yib ki, onlar \u00f6zl\u0259rini sanki s\u0259mada hiss edibl\u0259r.<\/span><\/p>\n

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XIII \u0259srd\u0259 s\u0259lib\u00e7il\u0259rin (xa\u00e7l\u0131lar\u0131n) i\u015f\u011fal\u0131ndan sonra, Aya Sofya, xarabazarl\u0131\u011fa \u00e7evrilib. Xa\u00e7l\u0131lar\u0131n komandan\u0131 v\u0259 1205-ci ild\u0259 h\u0259lak olmu\u015f venesiyal\u0131 Enriko Dandolonun (42-ci Venesiya Doju) m\u0259zar\u0131 Aya Sofya m\u0259b\u0259dinin i\u00e7\u0259risind\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015fir. <\/span>1453-ci ild\u0259 \u0130stanbulun t\u00fcrkl\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n f\u0259thind\u0259n \u0259vv\u0259l Bizans imperatoru Aya Sofya g\u00fcnb\u0259zind\u0259 \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259n \u00e7atlara g\u00f6r\u0259 Osmanl\u0131 Sultan\u0131 II Muraddan yard\u0131m ist\u0259yib. \u018fdirn\u0259d\u0259n \u018fli N\u0259ccar adl\u0131 memar g\u00f6nd\u0259rilib v\u0259 bina xilas edilib. Geri qay\u0131td\u0131qdan sonra memar Osmanl\u0131 sultan\u0131na m\u0259lumat verib v\u0259 deyib: «M\u0259n minar\u0259l\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yer d\u0259 haz\u0131rlad\u0131m». <\/span><\/p>\n

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\nBu c\u00fcml\u0259 ona i\u015far\u0259 idi ki, inanca g\u00f6r\u0259 m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlar bir g\u00fcn \u0130stanbulu f\u0259th ed\u0259c\u0259k v\u0259 Aya Sofya m\u0259scid\u0259 \u00e7evril\u0259c\u0259k. T\u00fcrkl\u0259r \u0130stanbulu m\u00fchasir\u0259y\u0259 alark\u0259n, bizansl\u0131lar \u0259vv\u0259lki \u015f\u00f6hr\u0259tini itir\u0259n Aya Sofyada s\u0131\u011f\u0131nacaq tap\u0131b. Bu zaman onlar dua edib v\u0259 \u0130stanbulun hamisi M\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259s M\u0259ry\u0259md\u0259n m\u00f6c\u00fcz\u0259 g\u00f6zl\u0259yibl\u0259r. Lakin M\u0259ry\u0259m Ana t\u00fcrkl\u0259rin t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259 olub.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/a>II Mehmed \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri f\u0259th etdikd\u0259n sonra, bombo\u015f qalan Aya Sofyan\u0131n g\u00fcnb\u0259zin\u0259 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131b v\u0259 fars \u015fairi S\u0259di \u015eirazinin m\u0259\u015fhur beytini s\u00f6yl\u0259yib: «H\u00f6kmdar\u0131n saray\u0131nda h\u00f6r\u00fcm\u00e7\u0259k p\u0259rd\u0259 toxuyur. \u018ffrasiyab\u0131n q\u0259srind\u0259 bayqu\u015f n\u00f6vb\u0259 tutur».<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u00f6y\u00fc\u015fl\u0259 al\u0131nan b\u00fct\u00fcn ibad\u0259t yerl\u0259ri \u0130slam qanunlar\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 h\u00f6kmdar\u0131n m\u00fclkiyy\u0259ti hesab olunur.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/a>Osmanl\u0131lar \u0130stanbulu f\u0259th etdikd\u0259n sonra \u015f\u0259h\u0259rin \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck ibad\u0259t m\u0259kan\u0131 olan Aya Sofyan\u0131 m\u0259scid\u0259 \u00e7evirib. \u00c7\u00fcnki C\u00fcm\u0259 g\u00fcn\u00fc oldu\u011fundan m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlara \u00f6z ibad\u0259tl\u0259rini yerin\u0259 yetirm\u0259k laz\u0131m idi. Kils\u0259 1453-ci ild\u0259 iyun 1-d\u0259 m\u0259scid elan olunduqdan sonra Aya Sofya M\u0259scidi v\u0259 ya Fetih Cami adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131b. Sultan II Mehmed m\u0259b\u0259din binas\u0131n\u0131 b\u0259rpa etdir\u0259r\u0259k, minar\u0259 ucald\u0131b. <\/span><\/p>\n

Ondan sonra taxta \u00e7\u0131xan o\u011flu Sultan II B\u0259yazid bir minar\u0259, n\u0259v\u0259si Sultan II S\u0259lim is\u0259 daha iki minar\u0259 in\u015fa etdirib. Bu s\u0259b\u0259bd\u0259n d\u0259 Aya Sofyan\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn minar\u0259l\u0259ri bir-birind\u0259n f\u0259rql\u0259nir. Sultan II S\u0259lim m\u0259b\u0259din inki\u015faf\u0131na b\u00f6y\u00fck t\u00f6hf\u0259l\u0259r verib v\u0259 1574-ci ild\u0259 m\u0259scidi tamamil\u0259 b\u0259rpa etdirib. Sultan II S\u0259lim v\u0259 onun n\u0259slind\u0259n olan dig\u0259r d\u00f6rd sultan da Aya Sofya M\u0259scidinin h\u0259y\u0259tind\u0259 d\u0259fn olunub. Hans\u0131 ki, Osmanl\u0131 m\u0259qb\u0259r\u0259 s\u0259n\u0259tinin \u0259n g\u00f6z\u0259l n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n hesab olunur. <\/span><\/p>\n

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\nDem\u0259k olar ki, II S\u0259limd\u0259n sonra b\u00fct\u00fcn sultanlar m\u0259scid\u0259 xidm\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rib. V\u0259qfl\u0259rd\u0259n daxil olan g\u0259lir say\u0259sind\u0259 divarlarda yaz\u0131lan m\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259s k\u0259lamlardan mozaikalara q\u0259d\u0259r bir \u00e7ox bir \u00e7ox z\u0259rif s\u0259n\u0259t \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri m\u0259scidin interyer v\u0259 eksteryerin\u0259 \u0259lav\u0259 olunub. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/a>Sultan I Mahmud t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n yarad\u0131lan kitabxana v\u0259 \u015fad\u0131rvan (d\u0259st\u0259maz almaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn istifad\u0259 olunan bulaq) \u00e7ox vacibdir. N\u0259hay\u0259t, 1847-ci ild\u0259 Sultan Abd\u00fclm\u0259cid, memar Fossatiy\u0259 binan\u0131 h\u0259rt\u0259r\u0259fli t\u0259mir etm\u0259yi tap\u015f\u0131r\u0131r v\u0259 bir s\u0131ra yeni \u0259lav\u0259l\u0259r etdirir. Aya Sofya, Bizans d\u00f6vr\u00fcn\u0259 aid bir tikilidir, lakin bug\u00fcn\u0259 kimi g\u0259lib \u00e7atd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Osmanl\u0131lara borcludur. Bizans d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259n b\u0259ri Aya Sofya haqq\u0131nda bir \u00e7ox dini hekay\u0259 v\u0259 r\u0259vay\u0259tl\u0259r s\u00f6yl\u0259nilib v\u0259 t\u00fcrkl\u0259r bunda f\u0259rqli bir m\u00fcq\u0259dd\u0259slik g\u00f6r\u00fcbl\u0259r. Bu bax\u0131mdan Aya Sofyan\u0131 Bizans \u0259v\u0259zin\u0259 bir Osmanl\u0131 tikilisi hesab etm\u0259k d\u00fczg\u00fcn olard\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/a>Sultanlar v\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259t adamlar\u0131 Topkap\u0131 Saray\u0131n\u0131n yax\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n bu m\u0259scidd\u0259 tez-tez namaz q\u0131lard\u0131lar. X\u00fcsusil\u0259, sultan\u0131n i\u015ftirak\u0131 il\u0259 Ramazan ay\u0131n\u0131n 27-ci gec\u0259si olan Q\u0259dr gec\u0259sind\u0259 (Laylat \u0259l-Q\u0259dr) t\u0259ravih duas\u0131 m\u00f6ht\u0259\u015f\u0259m olurdu. Bundan ba\u015fqa Aya Sofya, M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d Pey\u011f\u0259mb\u0259rin do\u011fum g\u00fcn\u00fc olan M\u00f6vludun ke\u00e7irilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn dini m\u0259rasiml\u0259rin ba\u015f tutdu\u011fu \u0259n \u00e7ox istfad\u0259 olunan m\u0259kan olaraq da se\u00e7ilirdi. Bu m\u0259rasiml\u0259r m\u0259n\u0259vi bax\u0131mdan \u00e7ox vacib idi v\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259r \u0259halisi d\u0259 orada i\u015ftirak edirdi. Bu zaman h\u0259r k\u0259s\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif \u015firniyyatlar t\u0259qdim olunurdu. Osmanl\u0131lar Aya Sofyan\u0131 \u0130stanbul \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 suverenliyin r\u0259mzi hesab edirdil\u0259r. <\/span><\/p>\n

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\nM\u00fctt\u0259fiql\u0259rin 1918-ci ild\u0259 \u0130stanbula girm\u0259sind\u0259n sonra yunanlar\u0131n bir qismi, Aya Sofya \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 z\u0259ng \u00e7al\u0131nmaqla, m\u0259scidin yenid\u0259n kils\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7evrilm\u0259sini ist\u0259yib. Sultan Vahid\u0259ddin, \u00f6z m\u00fcdafi\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f 700 x\u00fcsusi \u0259sg\u0259ri Aya Sofyan\u0131n \u0259traf\u0131na yerl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259r\u0259k, onlara m\u0259scidin \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 z\u0259ng \u00e7alma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan h\u0259r k\u0259si vurma\u011f\u0131 \u0259mr edib. Yunanlar\u0131n ist\u0259yinin qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn son \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015f yolu kimi m\u0259b\u0259d dinamitl\u0259 \u0259hat\u0259 olunub. Sultan\u0131n bu add\u0131m\u0131 say\u0259sind\u0259 Aya Sofyan\u0131n bir m\u0259scid kimi \u00f6mr\u00fc biraz da uzan\u0131b. <\/span><\/p>\n

17-ci \u0259srd\u0259 ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f Osmanl\u0131 tarix\u00e7isi v\u0259 s\u0259yyah\u0131 olan \u00d6vliya \u00c7\u0259l\u0259bi, Aya Sofyan\u0131n 361 qap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011funu v\u0259 bunlardan 100-n\u00fcn tilsimli oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u0259yib. \u00d6vliya \u00c7\u0259l\u0259bi h\u0259m\u00e7inin he\u00e7 kimin g\u00f6r\u0259 bilm\u0259diyi bir qap\u0131dan da b\u0259hs edib. \u018fsas giri\u015fin ba\u015f t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259 m\u0259scidin ortas\u0131nda yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n sar\u0131 r\u0259ngli sarkofaq\u0131n krali\u00e7a Sofiyaya aid oldu\u011fu v\u0259 toxunulaca\u011f\u0131 t\u0259qdird\u0259 z\u0259lz\u0259l\u0259y\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b oldu\u011fu deyilir. Bizansl\u0131lar \u015f\u0259h\u0259r m\u00fchasir\u0259d\u0259 olan zaman son d\u0259f\u0259 dini ayin ke\u00e7ir\u0259n ke\u015fi\u015fin mehrab divar\u0131na gir\u0259r\u0259k yoxa \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 \u0130stanbulun yenid\u0259n t\u00fcrkl\u0259rd\u0259n al\u0131nd\u0131qdan sonra m\u0259rasimi davam etdir\u0259c\u0259yin\u0259 inan\u0131rd\u0131lar.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\nQibl\u0259 qap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n qanadlar\u0131n\u0131n Nuh pey\u011f\u0259mb\u0259rin g\u0259misinin a\u011fac\u0131ndan d\u00fcz\u0259ldildiyi deyilir. Ke\u00e7mi\u015f zamanlarda tacirl\u0259r bu qap\u0131ya toxunmadan v\u0259 onun qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda namaz q\u0131lmadan yola \u00e7\u0131xmazd\u0131lar. Bundan ba\u015fqa, Aya Sofyan\u0131n c\u0259nub tunell\u0259rind\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n m\u0259rm\u0259r da\u015f\u0131n \u0130sa M\u0259sihin be\u015fiyi oldu\u011funa da inan\u0131l\u0131r. Qad\u0131nlar x\u0259st\u0259 v\u0259 yeni do\u011fulmu\u015f u\u015faqlar\u0131n\u0131 bu m\u0259rm\u0259r da\u015f\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcn\u0259 qoyaraq, Allahdan \u00f6vladlar\u0131na \u015f\u0259fa dil\u0259y\u0259rdil\u0259r. T\u0259ngin\u0259f\u0259slikd\u0259n \u0259ziyy\u0259t \u00e7\u0259k\u0259nl\u0259rin Aya Sofyan\u0131n i\u00e7ind\u0259ki quyudan \u00fc\u00e7 d\u0259f\u0259 acqar\u0131na su i\u00e7dikl\u0259ri t\u0259qdird\u0259 sa\u011falacaqlar\u0131na da inan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/a>C\u00fcmhuriyy\u0259t d\u00f6vr\u00fc<\/strong> <\/span><\/p>\n

1931-ci ild\u0259, \u0130sm\u0259t \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc h\u00f6kum\u0259ti d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 arxeoloq Tomas Vittemor, Amerika Bizans \u0130nstitutu ad\u0131ndan Aya Sofya m\u0259scidind\u0259ki mozaikalar\u0131n yenil\u0259nm\u0259sin\u0259 icaz\u0259 ist\u0259yib.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bizans \u0130nstitutunun arxas\u0131nda Jon D. Rokefellerin orta\u011f\u0131 \u00c7arlz R. Kreyn dayan\u0131rd\u0131. O, T\u00fcrkiy\u0259 \u0130stiqlaliyy\u0259t m\u00fcharib\u0259si (T\u00fcrk Qurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131), v\u0259 ya Milli M\u00fcbariz\u0259 (Milli M\u00fccadele) zaman\u0131 d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259diyi o zamank\u0131 prezident Mustafa Kamal Atat\u00fcrkd\u0259n Aya Sofyan\u0131n g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259yi il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 v\u0259d al\u0131b. <\/span>
\nMuzey ideyas\u0131 da el\u0259 o zaman ortaya \u00e7\u0131x\u0131b. Atat\u00fcrk, biri alman olmaqla 9 n\u0259f\u0259rd\u0259n ibar\u0259t bir komissiya yarad\u0131b. Professor Ekhard Ungerd\u0259n ba\u015fqa h\u0259r k\u0259s m\u0259scidin ba\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131 t\u00f6vsiy\u0259 edib. Bununla bel\u0259, Ekhard m\u0259scidin namaz q\u0131lmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn istifad\u0259 olunaca\u011f\u0131 t\u0259qdird\u0259 daha yax\u015f\u0131 qalaca\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131rd\u0131. 24 Noyabr 1934-c\u00fc ild\u0259 Nazirl\u0259r \u015euras\u0131, Aya Sofyan\u0131n namaz \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn istifad\u0259 edilm\u0259y\u0259n b\u0259zi hiss\u0259l\u0259rinin, kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r pul olmamas\u0131 s\u0259b\u0259bi il\u0259 muzey\u0259 \u00e7evril\u0259c\u0259yi il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 q\u0259rar verib. Bel\u0259likl\u0259, Aya Sofya, 11 \u0259sr boyunca kils\u0259, 5 \u0259sr \u0259rzind\u0259 m\u0259scid kimi f\u0259aliyy\u0259t g\u00f6st\u0259rdikd\u0259n sonra 1935-ci ilin fevral ay\u0131n\u0131n 1-d\u0259 muzey olaraq qap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 insanlar\u0131n \u00fcz\u00fcn\u0259 a\u00e7\u0131b. <\/span><\/p>\n

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\nF\u0259rmanda namaz q\u0131lmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u0259scidin ba\u011flanmas\u0131 bar\u0259d\u0259 he\u00e7 n\u0259 deyilm\u0259yib. Ancaq tarixi artefaktlara cavabdeh olan o zamank\u0131 T\u0259hsil naziri Abidin \u00d6zmen t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n Ba\u015f nazir\u0259 g\u00f6nd\u0259ril\u0259n t\u0259klifin m\u0259tni \u0259sl niyy\u0259ti ortaya qoyub. Orada deyilir: «Aya Sofyan\u0131n muzey\u0259 \u00e7evril\u0259c\u0259yi t\u0259qdird\u0259, \u0130stanbulun turistik d\u0259y\u0259ri ikiqat artacaq. Aya Sofyada namaz q\u0131lanlar yax\u0131nl\u0131qdak\u0131 dig\u0259r bir \u00e7ox b\u00f6y\u00fck v\u0259 ya ki\u00e7ik m\u0259scidl\u0259rd\u0259 \u00f6z dini ibad\u0259tl\u0259rini asanl\u0131qla yerin\u0259 yetir\u0259 bil\u0259rl\u0259r.» H\u0259min d\u00f6vr \u0259rzind\u0259 Aya Sofya namaz q\u0131lmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn qap\u0131lar\u0131 ibad\u0259t\u0259 ba\u011flanan yegan\u0259 m\u0259scid olmay\u0131b. Yeni d\u00f6vrd\u0259 y\u00fczl\u0259rl\u0259 m\u0259scid ba\u011flan\u0131b v\u0259 ya ba\u015fqa m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn istifad\u0259y\u0259 verilib, s\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcb v\u0259 ya torpaqlar\u0131 sat\u0131l\u0131b. <\/span><\/p>\n

M\u0259scid ba\u011fland\u0131qda, i\u00e7\u0259risind\u0259ki q\u0259dim xal\u00e7alar hiss\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u0259r\u0259k, m\u00fcxt\u0259lif yerl\u0259r\u0259 paylan\u0131l\u0131b, \u015famdanlar\u0131 is\u0259 \u0259ridilm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn metal\u0259ritm\u0259 zavoduna apar\u0131l\u0131b. M\u0259b\u0259din l\u00f6vh\u0259l\u0259ri \u00e7ox b\u00f6y\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcd\u0259 oldu\u011fu \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn onlar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131xarmaq m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, anbarlara qoyulub. H\u0259min l\u00f6vh\u0259l\u0259r bir d\u0259 Demokrat Partiyas\u0131 (DP) h\u00f6kum\u0259ti t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n T\u00fcrkiy\u0259nin 1950-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259n sonra demokratikl\u0259\u015fdiyi zaman as\u0131l\u0131b. <\/span><\/p>\n

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\nM\u0259scid muzey\u0259 \u00e7evrildiyi vaxt \u0130stanbulda ilk Osmanl\u0131 universiteti olan Aya Sofya m\u0259dr\u0259s\u0259si d\u0259 ba\u011flan\u0131b. Jurnalist v\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t \u00fczr\u0259 tarix\u00e7i \u0130brahim Hakk\u0131 Konyal\u0131, bu hekay\u0259ni bel\u0259 izah edir: «M\u0259n Tan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn (ke\u00e7mi\u015fd\u0259 g\u00fcnd\u0259lik q\u0259zet) yaz\u0131lar yazark\u0259n, 1934-c\u00fc ild\u0259 arxeologiya muzeyinin memar\u0131 Kamal Altan bir hadis\u0259ni n\u0259ql edib. O, g\u00f6z ya\u015flar\u0131 i\u00e7ind\u0259 Ankaradan g\u0259l\u0259n tap\u015f\u0131r\u0131\u011fa \u0259sas\u0259n, Ki\u00e7ik Aya Sofya M\u0259scidinin iki minar\u0259sinin alt\u0131na, d\u0259rinliy\u0259 endikl\u0259rini deyib. H\u0259min gec\u0259, onlar Aya Sofya M\u0259scidinin d\u00f6rd minar\u0259sini s\u00f6km\u0259liydil\u0259r. Bel\u0259likl\u0259, m\u0259n ona ‘Minar\u0259l\u0259rin g\u00fcnb\u0259zi saxlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vur\u011fulayan bir hesabat yazd\u0131rd\u0131m. Orada deyilirdi ki, minar\u0259l\u0259r u\u00e7urulsa, Aya Sofya da\u011f\u0131lacaq\u201d. Bu yaz\u0131 d\u0259rc edildikd\u0259n sonra tarixi minar\u0259l\u0259ri u\u00e7urmamaq q\u0259rar\u0131na g\u0259ldil\u0259r».<\/span><\/p>\n

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Bizansda \u0130konoklazm zaman\u0131 (\u0130konalar\u0131n m\u0259hv edilm\u0259si. 726 il\u0259 842-ci ill\u0259r aras\u0131nda insanlar\u0131n r\u0259sml\u0259rin qeyri-qanuni oldu\u011funa inand\u0131qlar\u0131 bir h\u0259r\u0259kat d\u00f6vr\u00fc.) Aya Sofyadak\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn mozaikalar qa\u015f\u0131n\u0131laraq, m\u0259hv olunub. Daha sonralar meydana g\u0259l\u0259n mozaikalar is\u0259 \u0130stanbulun f\u0259thind\u0259n sonra gips il\u0259 \u00f6rt\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, dig\u0259rl\u0259ri is\u0259 zamanla yox olmu\u015fdu. Qalan mozaikalar\u0131n \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259ti is\u0259 1894-c\u00fc ild\u0259 ba\u015f ver\u0259n z\u0259lz\u0259l\u0259d\u0259 da\u011f\u0131l\u0131b. <\/span><\/p>\n

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\nAya Sofya muzey elan olunmazdan \u0259vv\u0259l bir ne\u00e7\u0259 g\u00fcn polis d\u0259st\u0259si il\u0259 \u0259hat\u0259 olunub v\u0259 bir \u00e7ox insan m\u0259scidin muzey\u0259 \u00e7evrilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u0259hz mozaikalar\u0131n bir b\u0259han\u0259 oldu\u011fu q\u0259na\u0259tin\u0259 g\u0259libl\u0259r. Buna baxmayaraq, m\u0259scid d\u00f6\u015f\u0259m\u0259 il\u0259 mozaikalar aras\u0131nda taxta mezzanin tikilm\u0259kl\u0259 m\u00fchafiz\u0259 olunub. Bel\u0259likl\u0259, Sultan \u018fhm\u0259d m\u0259scidinin ziyar\u0259ti zaman\u0131 oldu\u011fu kimi turistl\u0259r\u0259 d\u0259 abid\u0259ni g\u00f6rm\u0259k imkan yarad\u0131l\u0131b. Canl\u0131lar\u0131n t\u0259svirl\u0259rinin oldu\u011fu yerd\u0259 namaz q\u0131lmaq is\u0259 m\u00fcs\u0259lmanlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn f\u0259rdi m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259 hesab olunub.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\nAya Sofyan\u0131n muzey\u0259 \u00e7evrilm\u0259sind\u0259n sonra h\u00f6k\u00fcm\u0259tin m\u0259b\u0259din statusunun d\u0259yi\u015fdiyini g\u00f6st\u0259r\u0259n bel\u0259 bir q\u0259rar\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifad\u0259 ed\u0259n bir \u00e7ox iddia ir\u0259li s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcb v\u0259 bunu o d\u00f6vr\u00fcn T\u0259hsil naziri H\u0259s\u0259n \u018flli Y\u00fccelin etdiyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcb. F\u0259rmandak\u0131 Atat\u00fcrk\u00fcn imzas\u0131n\u0131n saxta oldu\u011fu v\u0259 bu haqda r\u0259smi jurnalda d\u0259rc olunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, he\u00e7 bir rotasiya n\u00f6mr\u0259sinin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 deyilib. F\u0259rman ger\u00e7\u0259k olsa da, onun konstitusiyada g\u00f6st\u0259ril\u0259n \u00f6hd\u0259lik v\u0259 t\u0259m\u0259l qanunlar\u0131na zidd oldu\u011fu bildirilib. 6.570 sayl\u0131 qanunda ibad\u0259t yerl\u0259rinin ba\u015fqa m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn istifad\u0259 edil\u0259 bilm\u0259y\u0259c\u0259yi bildirilib. Lakin inqilab\u0131n \u00f6z qanunlar\u0131 var idi. T\u0259k partiyan\u0131n hakimiyy\u0259ti d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u0259n bir \u00e7ox i\u015fl\u0259r kimi Aya Sofya da inqilab qanunlar\u0131na g\u00f6r\u0259 muzey\u0259 \u00e7evrilib. <\/span><\/p>\n

Balkan d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259ri aras\u0131nda ittifaq sazi\u015finin imzalanmas\u0131 1930-cu ill\u0259rin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259 alt\u0131nda idi. «Balkan Pakt\u0131» deyil\u0259n raz\u0131l\u0131\u011fa g\u0259linc\u0259, Atat\u00fcrk, Celal Bayara bel\u0259 s\u00f6yl\u0259yib: «Aya Sofyan\u0131 muzey\u0259 \u00e7evirs\u0259k, Yunan\u0131stana b\u00f6y\u00fck bir jest olard\u0131». Afina art\u0131q sazi\u015fi imzalama\u011fa haz\u0131r idi, lakin bundan sonra kompromis \u0259traf\u0131nda b\u00f6y\u00fck bir t\u0259la\u015f yarad\u0131b. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/a>1950-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259n sonra, Demokrat Partiyas\u0131 hakimiyy\u0259t\u0259 g\u0259ldikd\u0259, Aya Sofyan\u0131n ibad\u0259t \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn yenid\u0259n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 haqq\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcb. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/a>Qeyri-h\u00f6kum\u0259t t\u0259\u015fkilatlar\u0131 v\u0259 mill\u0259t\u00e7i yazarlar bu fikri d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259yibl\u0259r. H\u0259min vaxtlarda bir q\u0259zet yazar\u0131 olan \u018fhm\u0259d Emin Yalman bel\u0259 deyib: «Aya Sofyan\u0131 m\u0259scid\u0259 \u00e7evirm\u0259k ist\u0259y\u0259nl\u0259rin ba\u015flar\u0131 \u0259zilm\u0259lidir». Sonralar 1952-ci ild\u0259 o, Malatyada H\u00fcseyin \u00dczmez adl\u0131 bir g\u0259nc t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n g\u00fcll\u0259l\u0259nib. H\u00f6kum\u0259t \u015eimali Atlantika M\u00fcqavil\u0259si T\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131na (NATO) g\u00f6r\u0259 Yunan\u0131stan\u0131 incitm\u0259k ist\u0259m\u0259yib v\u0259 bu m\u00f6vzuda geri add\u0131m atmal\u0131 olub.<\/span><\/p>\n

1967-ci ild\u0259 Roma Papas\u0131 VI Pavel, T\u00fcrkiy\u0259y\u0259 s\u0259f\u0259ri zaman\u0131 Aya Sofyada diz \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fcb, dua etm\u0259k ist\u0259dikd\u0259, o zaman xarici i\u015fl\u0259r naziri olan \u0130hsan S\u0259bri \u00c7a\u011flayangil, «Bura n\u0259 m\u0259scid, n\u0259 d\u0259 kils\u0259dir, bir muzeydir. Burada he\u00e7 bir dini m\u0259rasim ke\u00e7iril\u0259 bilm\u0259z\u201d,- dey\u0259r\u0259k, onun qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 alma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131b. Abdulm\u0259cid t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n in\u015fa edil\u0259n sultanlar\u0131n m\u0259scid\u0259 g\u0259ldiyi zaman dinc\u0259ldiyi Sultan Lojas\u0131, 8 Avqust 1980-ci ild\u0259 \u018fdal\u0259t Partiyas\u0131 (AP) t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n namaz q\u0131l\u0131nmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131b. Aya Sofyada bir daha azan oxunma\u011fa ba\u015flan\u0131b, lakin 12 sentyabr h\u0259rbi \u00e7evrili\u015find\u0259n sonra h\u0259r \u015fey \u0259vv\u0259lki hal\u0131na qay\u0131d\u0131b. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Aya Sofya 1985-ci ild\u04d9 \u0130stanbulun dig\u0259r tarixi abid\u04d9l\u04d9ri kimi UNESCO-nun m\u04d9d\u04d9ni irs siyah\u0131s\u0131na daxil edilib.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n

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1992-ci ild\u0259 Ana V\u0259t\u0259n Partiyas\u0131ndan (ANAP) olan Ba\u015f nazir Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Akbulut, namaz q\u0131lmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Sultan Lojas\u0131n\u0131 yenid\u0259n a\u00e7\u0131b. Aya Sofyan\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fckl\u0259 ibad\u0259t \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259d ed\u0259nd\u0259 is\u0259 h\u0259r \u015fey alt-\u00fcst olub. He\u00e7 kim, h\u0259tta dini \u015f\u00fcarlar q\u0259bul ed\u0259n v\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti Sultan Fatih V\u0259qfind\u0259 qeydiyyata al\u0131nan ke\u00e7mi\u015f Milli Qurtulu\u015f Partiyas\u0131 (MSP) bel\u0259 Aya Sofyan\u0131 namaz q\u0131lmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn a\u00e7a bilm\u0259yib.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\t\t